Silent Film Projection Speed

 Found this extremely interesting as I when I was creating a flip book I found that manually creating a frame rate was difficult as consistency was hard to achieve. I would have liked to have played around with the frame rate on my final animation to see if I can achieve change the atmosphere or  the way the action is conveyed!

Until the standardisation of the projection speed of 24 frames per second (fps) for sound films between 1926 and 1930, silent films were shot at variable speeds anywhere from 12 to 26 fps, depending on the year and studio."Standard silent film speed" is often said to be 16 fps as a result of the Lumiere Brothers Cinematographé, but industry practice varied considerably; there was no actual standard. Cameramen of the era insisted that their cranking technique was exactly 16 fps, but modern examination of the films shows this to be in error, that they often cranked faster. Unless carefully shown at their intended speeds silent films can appear unnaturally fast. However, some scenes were intentionally undercranked during shooting to accelerate the action—particularly for comedies and action films.